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The determination of specific antibodies (such as immunoglobulin G/M, IgG/M) and antigen is an easy, fast, reliable, and accessible strategy for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 as well as efficient and large-scale screening of suspected cases at point-of-care settings. Microfluidics-based platform offers many advantages: (1) it enables rapid, laboratory-quality, sensitive detection at the point of need (2) portability, high throughput, multiplex, and automatic (3) it significantly saves the volume of reagents and reduces the testing price. (21−23) Microfluidic technologies are able to integrate sample preparation, reaction, and detection steps into a miniaturized chip. Microfluidics-based diagnostic systems have been extensively developed and applied in various fields. Still, there are remaining limitations such as limited sensitivity and incapability of quantitative detection. (17) For example, the extensively utilized colloidal gold-immunochromatographic assays (18) and lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFAs) (19,20) offer an immunoassay method for detecting COVID-19, which show the advantages of simplicity, cost-effectiveness, fast, and point-of-care testing. Various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based methods have been developed for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. (15,16) While the specialized equipment of CT fails to meet a large scale of requirement, it may not provide the benefit for point-of-care diagnosis of COVID-19. Computed tomography (CT) imaging is an essential tool for fast diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

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(4,12−14) However, RT-PCR requires time-consuming and labor-intensive RNA preparation, a reverse transcription step, and professional operation, which decreases detection sensitivity and is difficult to achieve on-site detection. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the primary method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. (5−8) Considering the seriously increasing number of infected cases and widening geographical spread of SARS-CoV-2, and when in absence of effective antiviral therapeutics and vaccines for COVID-19, there is an urgent need for easy-to-use, high-throughput, timely, accessible, and on-site methods for rapidly and sensitively detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection at an early stage for responses against the ongoing coronavirus outbreak and prevent and control the pandemic. (4) The indefinite latency and nonspecific symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection makes the pandemic situation more serious. (1−3) SARS-CoV-2 can spread rapidly through direct human-to-human transmission resulting in high infectivity. The ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), identified as the causative agent of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), rapidly spreads to cause a global pandemic and poses a huge challenge for global public health. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. This article is made available via the ACS COVID-19 subset for unrestricted RESEARCH re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source.

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